Microphones come with many different polar patterns and understanding these can be key to getting a great recording. Joe Albano breaks down which ones to use, and when.  

Patterns of behavior

A multi-pattern mic
Fig 2 Small-diaphragm and large-diaphragm mics

Omni

Fig 3 An omnidirectional mic pattern

Bi (Figure-8)

Fig 4 A bi-directional (Figure 8) mic pattern—sound from the sides is cancelled

Cardioid

Fig 5 A basic Cardioid pattern
Fig 6 Hypercardioid and Supercardioid patterns have off-center rear nulls

Multi-pattern mics

Off-axis pickup & frequency response

Fig 7 A typical polar pattern, showing off-axis response at different frequencies

Applications

On stage

Fig 8 A typical application for a mic with a Hypercardioid or Supercardioid pattern

Wrap Up

Learn more about recording techniques in the Ask Audio Academy here. 

Joe is a musician, engineer, and producer in NYC. Over the years, as a small studio operator and freelance engineer, he's made recordings of all types from music & album production to v/o & post. He's also taught all aspects of recording and music technology at several NY audio schools, and has been writing articles for Recording magaz... Read More

Discussion

Want to join the discussion?

Create an account or login to get started!